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Start giftingHow Polarization Begets Polarization
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Learn moreExtreme polarization in American politics is perhaps the most confounding political phenomenon of our time. This book binds together polarization in Congress and polarization in the electorate within an ever-expanding feedback loop. This loop is powered by the discipline exerted by the respective political parties on their Congressional members and district candidates and endorsed by the voters in each Congressional district who must choose between the alternatives offered. Tight national party discipline produces party delegations in Congress that are widely separated from one another but each ideologically narrowly distributed.
As district constituencies become more polarized and are egged on by activists, parties are further motivated to appeal to their respective bases rather than to voters in the ideological center. America has indeed acquired parties with clear platforms—once thought to be a desirable goal—but these parties are now feuding camps. What resolution might there be? Just as the progressive movement slowly replaced the Gilded Age, might a new reform effort replace the current squabble? Or could an asymmetry develop in the partisan constraints that would lead to ascendancy of the center, or might a new and over-riding issue generate a cross-cutting dimension, opening the door to a new politics? Only the future will tell.
Thomas L. Brunell is professor of political science at the University of Texas at Dallas.
Bernard Grofman is Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine, and the inaugural Jack W. Peltason Chair of Democracy Studies at the University of California, Irvine.
Samuel Merrill III has served as a professor of mathematics at the University of Rochester and Wilkes University. He received a PhD in mathematics from Yale University and an MS in statistics from Pennsylvania State University.